The Unambal
An account of Doctor Andreas Lommel's studies in 1938 of the
Unambal Tribe of Aborigines living in North West Australia

Death, Burial, and Killing by Magic

The aborigines believe a natural death occurs only if the person concerned was very old. If a younger person dies it is attributed to the magic influence of a hidden enemy.

The aborigines then say that the person concerned has been "sung" or had a "pointing stick" aimed at him. Therefore if a young man dies, it is considered to be murder. The murderer is discovered by placing the body in the branches of a tree, around which each man places a stone. The murderer is detected when the dead man's kidney fat drips onto a particular stone. When the medicine man returns he can see the spirits who are waiting to eat the dead man's flesh that has fallen from the tree. The spirits tell him the name of the murderer who is then either killed with spears or sung to death. When the flesh has fallen from the bones they are divided into two bundles, one contains the long bones and one the skull.

The mother of the dead carries the bundles around with her for about a year, until they are finely deposited in a special cave. The skull is deposited at the painting of the Wandjina who was the deceased ancestor. The dead man's wife is taken over by one of his brothers, if one of them is old enough, or, if they are all too young, she is free to marry whom she likes.

The Soul after Death

The aborigines believe they have various souls or shadows. The one that returns to the watering place for rebirth resides in his kidneys. Another shadow resides in the shoulders and stays with the dead man's bones to guard them. The third resides in his testicles and helps him when hunting, and tugs his hair to make it grow thicker.

The realm of the shadows is in the West on a stony island, with plenty to eat and drink, which is very beautiful and always has a fresh wind blowing so is never too hot. To get there the shadow of the dead person climbs into the sky from the tree on which the corpse is lying, and goes to the land of the dead on a thin string. The journey takes one day.